Pronouns in Tamil

Examples of common conversations at a Vegetable stall is given below to help you to understand and communicate/ask questions about the purchase.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
My	ennudaiya
Your	unnodaiya
His	avaNudaiya
Her	avaLudaiya
Our	engaLudaiya
Your (plural)	ungaLudaiya
Their	avarkaLudaiya
His email is	avanudaiya e-meyil...
My phone number is	ennudaiya tholaipesi eN...
Our dream is to visit abroad	velinaadu sutri parppathel kanavagum
Their country is beautiful	avargaLudaiya nAdu azhakAnadhu
Her sister	Avaloda akkaa.
Her relative	Avaloda sonthakaarangga
Her wish	Avaloda isttam
Her son	AvungkalOda magan
Her purse	Avungkaloda purse-panapai
His car	Avaroda kaaru
His sister	Avaroda thanggachchi
His sunglass	Avaroda sunglass
His slippers	Avanoda slippers
His problem	Avanoda pirachchana
this is my phone	idu ennudaiya phone
this phone is mine	indhu mobile enudaiyadhu
this is your responsibility	idhu ungaladaiya poruppu
this responsibilisty is yours	indhu poruppu ungaladaiyadhu
this is her mistake	idhu avalodaiya thavaru
this mistake is hers	indhu thavaru avalodaiyadhu
this is our decision	idhu engaludaiya mudivu
this decision is ours	indhu mudivu engaludaiyadhu
this is their house	idhu avargaludaiya veedu
this house is their	indhu veedu avargaludaiyadhu

Next Lesson 30: Learn Tamil Prepositions

Learn Tamil slangs

Slang is a basically a term of "new forms of expression". It refers to language that belongs to a particular social group and that doesn't stay around long. Many slang words are forgotten over time, although a few eventually make it into the everyday speech of people from the particular community. Also it is said that the local rickshaw pullers used to take different types of passengers and hear what they talk and they get to hear varieties of words from different cultured people, like muslims, christians, hindus, etc. They start to use those words and gradually spreads across.

Please note that these slangs are in fact not pleasant, more of casual, some are funny, some are bad/inappropriate, and in fact ruins the original Tamil language, I don't encourage you to use all of these in your language, but the purpose of this post is only for you to understand when you come across these slangs when conveyed to you. The way of addressing daily things differs from region to region.
Below are the few listed slang words that I can think of. Feel free to drop comments if you can come up with any new slang words if I have missed so.

Tamil Slangs	Meaning
Kasmaalam	originated from same Sanskrit word kasmalam - Meaning Dirty, filthy etc.
Kaima Panniruvan	originated from Urdu word Keema - Meaning shredded, chopped, etc. It is like saying I will chop you or cut you in pieces.
Kammanaati	Speculated to be a corruption of English sentence "Come here you naughty" which was used by Anglo-Indians to call mischievous children.
Kuchu / Kundhu	from Telugu/Kannada Kucho - Meaning sit down.
Adan kokka makka	"your sister's son or daughter".
Aaleka	Smoothly
Aalinaal Alaguraaja	Jack of all arts.
Aathaadi	Oh my Lady!!.
Alva kudukradhu	Act of deceiving,chicanery or cheating - done very smartly.Dialogue made famous by Tamil actor Sathyaraaj.
Asalta	To do something very easily.
Attu	Low Grade, waste
Baemani	Originated from Urdu which means a person who has no ethics/ scruples/ integrity, trait of dishonesty
Appatakkar	A term used to describe people who thinks they know about every thing.
Apeetu	Apeetu is kind of slang equivalent to English word Escaped, and Jaga is Hindi "Place" which means here as getting out of the situation.
Dubakoor	word to portray a fraudster, no idea of its origin.
Mersalayiten	Stunned/Amazed
Bejaar	Painful, troublesome.
Dubukku	clever fool
Dhuttu (thutu)	Money.
Vennai	useless guy
usaar paNrathu	to get something for oneself using devious methods
Figaru	Attractive woman.
Galata	Chaos. or Celebration
Gandhi kannakku	Fraudulent accounting.
Jollu	refers to spittle. It is your saliva basically someone salivates at the sight of the opposite sex.
Bulb vangarathu	To get embarassed
KD	Petty crook.
Kabodhi	A Blind person, it is used in a derogative sense.
Kazhutai	Donkey.
Kalakaradhu	To impress with one's performance.
Kalasaradhu	To nag someone.
Kamnaati	Illegitimate offspring.
Kenai	Fool.
Kundhu	Sit down.
Mokka	it has various meanings: shame, disgrace, or bulkiness, bluntness (like in a knife)
Lookku vudaradhu	To check someone out, especially if it's an attractive person.
Maams	Same as "machi".
Machi	Addressing a friend like "dude" it is used in a positive sense.
Munji paaru	Sarcastically commenting the look on your face, it is used while insulting.
Cutting	Small Peg
Jujupee	Very easy or unimportant task
Periya Paruppu	Literally big Lentil, it means someone who's a big deal.
OC	Free, at no cost.
Pistha	Someone who is a big-shot.
Pisthu	Person talented in a certain field.
Pilimu kaatradhu	To show off.
Poramboku	Orphaned, abandoned.
Gethu	It's the slang replacement for Awesome or Epic or Kickass
Semma Irukke	great, superb
Voodu	House
Vetti Officer	people who are not employed for any useful work

Tamil sentences using adjective

In general adjectives are words which describe or modify another person or object in a given sentence. For instance when we say that the flower is beautiful, the adjective is "beautiful" as it describes the noun [flower]. The following examples use adjectives in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence and also some information about an object's size, shape, age, color, origin or material.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
This is a wonderful book	idhu oru arpudhamaana puthagam
He is a good man	Avan oru nalla manidhan
That is a big fruit	Adha oru periya pazham
Bring that small plate	Antha seriya thattai kondu va
I read an interesting book	Naan oru suvaarasyamaan puthagam padikiraen
He is a brilliant student	Avan oru budhisaaliyaan maanavan
It is a huge stone	Atha oru midhaperiya kallu
Shyam is a decent man	Shyam oru ozhukamaan manidhan
Tanjavur is a tall temple	Tanjavur oru uyiramaan kovil
This is a good shirt	Idhu oru nalla sattai
my house is green	en veetu pachaiyaaka ulladhu
your place is big	ungal ooru periyadhu
new books are expensive	pudhiya puththakangalin vilai mika adhikam
we are happy here	naangal ingu sandhoshamāka irukkirom
she has two small cats	aval rendu siriya poonaikalai vaiththirukkiraal
this language is very easy	indha mozhi mikavum elidhaaka ulladhu
a very old man	oru miga vayathaana manithan
a very nice friend	oru miga arumaiyaana nanpan

Next Lesson 30: Learn Tamil Prepositions

Tamil exclamation sentences

Learn these Tamil sentences that uses interjection i.e. exclamation remarks that communicates the facial expression and body language. These sentences are just like emoticons. Using them will convey an emotion or a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement, or enthusiasm.
The most common word you will hear is “Aiyoh” which connotes disappointment, lament, surprise, and irritation. It’s a lot like saying “Oh no!” or “Damnit!”. For example – Aiyoh! I left my wallet at home.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
Well done, keep it up!	sabaash, thodandhu nanraaga sei
Excellent, you've done a great job!	Aramai, nee nanraaga seidhirkiraai
My god, I've forgotten abt that matter!	ada kadavalai, naan antha vishyathae mutrilum marandhuvitaenae
ouch, don't pinch me!	Aa, ennai killaadhe
wow, this is simply superb	Oh ho, idhu arpundhamaaga irukiradhu
Congratulations on your success	Un vetrikku yen vaarthukal
Eww, how can you eat that	Chi, Eppadi antha saapidu mudiyum?
Hooray! I got the job	Ohoo, enakku velai kidaithadhu
Hmm, what's the matter	Appuram, enna seidhi?
Huh? What did you just say?	He? Nee enna sonnaay?
Oops! Sorry	Achacho! Mannikkanum
yay!	Aha!
Hey! Friend!	Alo! Nanbaa!

Next Lesson 32: Learn Tamil sentences using adjectives

Learn tamil prepositions through English

Prepositions are used in almost every sentences. They are a great tool to link words with each other. As shown on the image, there are many prepositions to expand the conversation scope. If you learn these words, it would be easy for you to learn the grammar. Preposition describes a relationship between words in a sentence. For example: There is a ball under the table. Here the preposition is "under". I have listed few examples that you might have come across or use very often.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
Book is on the table	putthagam mejai mael ullathu
There is a ball in the bag	Paiyil oru pandhu ullathu
The train starts at midnight	pugaivandi nalliruval poripaddum
I attend the school for 10 days	naan pathu naatkal pallikoodam sendraen
Drink milk before sleeping	Urangdum mun paal kudi
I want to study	Naan padika vaendum
she came out of the house	aval vettai vittu veliyay vandhaal
I came by bus	Naan perunthil vandaen
go into room	araiyil sellavum
I come from Tamilnadu	Naan tamilnaduvil irunthu varukiraen
I'll come before 5 o' clock	Naan anja(5) manikku munn varuvaen
The cat jumped over the gate	Poonai vaayilkadavin mael kudhidathu
The train went through the tunnel	pugaivandi surangappaatai vazhiyaaka sendrathu
I took the umbrella as it was raining	mazhai paidhu kondirundhadhaal naan kudaiyay eduthu sendraen

Next Lesson 31: Tamil exclamation sentences"

Tamil conversations in a vegetable stall

Examples of common conversations at a Vegetable stall is given below to help you to understand and communicate/ask questions about the purchase.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
How much for the Apples?	Apples enna villai?
don't you sell in kgs?	Kilo kannakil neengal virpadhillaiya?
Give me 1 plastic bag	ennaku oru plastic pai kodukkavum
I missed my Bag	En pai Thulainthuvittathu.
I don't want a plastic bag	ennakku plastic pai vendaam
I have a bag with me	enkita pai irukka
Give me 2 kgs	ennaku irundu kilo kodukakavum
I want a kilo of tomato	ennaku oru kilo takkali vendum
Are the vegetables fresh?	Kaigarikal ellam pudiyaatha?
How much is it?	Ithu Evvalavu?
Weigh it properly	sariyaaga aelai podavum
I don't have change	ennidam chillarai illai
Vegetables are in the basket	Koodai yil kaaikarikal ullana
I will enquire rates with other shops	naan mattrai kadaigal villaiyaiy patri visaaripaen

Next Lesson 30: Learn Tamil Prepositions

Tamil sentences using "don't"

A negative sentence is a sentence that states that something is false. In English, we create negative sentences by adding the word 'not' after the auxiliary, or helping, verb. Here are the negative auxiliary verbs in Tamil that uses "don't" auxiliary in the conversation. In Tamil "illai" means "no" or "don't". Practice these examples to learn how to use them in the sentence flow.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
I have no money	enakku panam illai
he did not come	avan varavillai
will you come or not?	varukiyaya illaiya
no matter what	innatenyillai
never	orukalumillai
nothing	onyumillai
not at all	illave yillai
I don’t want	yenakku vaenaam, viruppam illai
I don't understand	enakku puriyala
I don't know	Enakku theriyaathu
I have no idea	Enakku theriyala
Don't worry	kavalai padaathey
No problem	Onnum prachanai illai
I don’t want to touch	yenakku thoduvatharkku virumppam illai
I don’t want to turn	yenakku thirumbuvatharkku viruppam illai
I don’t want to write	yenakku yeluthuvatharkku viruppam illai
Don’t want to show	yenakku kaattuvatharkku virumbavillai
He doesn’t want to speak	avan paesuvatharkku virumbavillai
He doesn’t want to stand	avan nirppatharkku virumbavillai
I don’t want to touch	yenakku thoduvtharkku viruppam illai
He doesn’t like over eating	avan athiagm sappiduvathai virumbavillai
He doesn’t like pretending	avan nadippathai virumba villai
She does’t like tailoring	aval thaiyalai virumbavillai

Next Lesson 29: Tamil conversation in a Vegetable Stall

Tamil questions through English using "why"

List of common Tamil questions through English using "why".

English sentences	Tamil sentences
Why didn’t you do it?	Yaen nee seiya villai?
Why does he climb up the wall?	Yaen avan sevuru mayla yaerraan.
Why don't you talk?	Nee yaen paysa mattra?
Why go early?	Yaen seekkiram pokiraai?
Why are you silent?	Yaen amaithiyaa irukke?
Why, are you proud of yourself?	Yenna, unnai paththi thimiraa?
Why do you break?	Nee yaen udaikkiraai?
Why do you clap hands?	Nee yaen kai thattukiraai?
Why do you cry?	Nee yaen alukiraai?
Why do you draw?	Nee yaen varaikiraai?
Why do you drive your elder brother’s bike?	Nee yaen un annan vandiyai Ottukiraai?
Why do you eat late?	Nee yaen naeram kaliththu saappidukiraai?
Why do you fall?	Nee yaen vilukiraai?
Why do you donate?	Nee yaen kodukkiraai?
Why do you skip lunch?	Nee yaen maththiya unavai thavir kiraai?
Why do you hit?	Nee yaen yidikkiraai?
Why do you laugh?	Nee yaen sirikkiraai?
Why do you expose?	Nee yaen velikaattu kiraai?
Why do you play?	Nee yaen vilaiyaadukiraai?
Why do you rush?	Nee yaen munthu kiraai?
Why do you scold?	Nee yaen thittukiraai?
Why do you search?	Nee yaen thaedukiraai?
Why do you meet?	Nee yaen santhik kiraai?
Why do you store?	Nee yaen saemik kiraai?
Why do you throw?	Nee yaen veesukiraai?
Why do you watch?	Nee yaen kavanikkiraai?
Why do you consult?	Nee yaen kalanthu alosik kiraai?
Why do you go out?	Nee yaen veliyae pokiraai?
Why do you keep?	Nee yaen vaiththuk kolkiraaai?
Why do you supply?	Nee yaen viniyogik kiraai?
Why did he search?	Avan yaen thaedinaan?
Why did he look out?	Avan yaen veliyeh paarththaan?
Why did he scold?	Avan yaen thittuki raan?
Why did he pour down the coffee?	Avan yaen coffee yai keelay kottinaan?
Why did he break the sticks?	Avan yaen kuchikalai udaiththaaan?
Why did he jump?	Avan yaen kuthiththaan?
Why did he sing?	Avan yaen paadinaan?
Why did he throw his exercise note books?	Avan yaen payirchi buththagngkalai veesuki raan?
Why did he open his bag?	Avan yaen avan paiyi thiranthaan?
Why did he play guitar everyday?	Avan yaen thinamum guitar vilaiyaaduki raan?
Why does he fall?	Avan yaen viluki raan?
Why does he see?	Avan yaen paarkki raan?
Why does she sing?	Aval yaen paaduki raal?
Why does she throw?	Aval yaen veesuki raal?
Why does she open?	Aval yaen thirakki raal?
Why does she play?	Aval yaen vilaiyaaduki raal?
Why does she eat?	Aval yaen saappiduki raal?
Why does she draw?	Aval yaen varaiki raal?
Why does she drive?	Aval yaen Ottuki raal?
Why does she cry?	Aval yaen aluki raal?
Why does she laugh?	Aval yaen sirikki raal?
Why does she knock?	Aval yaen yidikki raal?
Why does she watch?	Aval yaen kavanikki raal?
Why does she drink?	Aval yaen kudikki raal?
Why does she tell?	Aval yaen solki raal?
Why does she ask?	Aval yaen kaetkiraal?
Why does she carry?	Aval yaen thookku ki raal?

Next Lesson 28: Tamil sentences using "don't"

General tamil questions through English

Few more examples of short Tamil sentences through English that involves asking questions.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
Do you like to drink some coffee?	Unakku konjam coffee kudikka viruppama?
Do you call them?	Avunggala kooppittiyaa?
Can I tell one thing?	Naan onnu sollattumaa?
Do you visit my mom?	Yen amma paaththiyaa?
Did you see my friends?	Yen nanbarkalai paarththaayaa?
Does he want to speak to you?	Avan unnidam paysa wayndumaa?
How do you go to school?	Nee yeppadi pallikoodam pokiraai?
How many siblings do you have?	Unakku yethhanai udan pirappukal?
Is it your car?	Yithu un vandiyaa?
May I join with you for dinner?	Iravu unavil unnodu saernthu kollavaa?
Shall I move this box?	Intha pettiyal nagarththattaa?
Shall I go first?	Naan muthalla pogavaa?
What about your family?	Un kudumpam pattri?
What time do you leave from your house?	Yethhanai manikku veettil yirunthu kilampuveerkal?
What do you come back home from work?	Waylaiyil irunthu yeppa veedu thirumbuva?
What’s your dad?	Un appa yenna seikiraar?
What’s your mom doing?	Un amma yenna seikiraarkal?
What’s your favourite colour?	Unakku piditha niram yenna?
Where are they staying?	Avungka yengku thangi irukkaangka?
Where are you coming from?	Nee yengku yirunthu vara?
Where are you living?	Nee yengku vasikkiraai?
Where do you go for shopping?	Nee yengka kadaikki pova?
Which book do you like?	Unakku yentha buku pidikkum?
Which bus do you take ?	Yentha bus nee yedukkra?
Which is your favourite subject?	Yentha paadam unakku romba pudichchathu?
Who do you respect the most?	Yaarai nee romba mathippa?
Who is your younger brother?	Yaar un thambi?
Who is your favourite actor?	Yaar unakku pidiththa nadigar?
Who is your friend?	Un nanban yaar?
Who is your elder sister?	Yaaru un akkaa?
Why did she call me?	Aval yethukku yennai kooppittaa?
Who is fearful?	Yaar payanthaan kuli?
Who is attractive?	Yaaru kavarchchiyaa irukkaa ?
Who is dangerous?	Yaaru abaayamaanvar?
Are you working here?	Nee, yingge vaela seiriyaa?
Are you angry?	Unakku kobamaa?
Are you hungry?	Unakku pasikkirathaa?
Are you studying?	Nee padikkiraayaa?
Can I help you?	Naan unakku uthavattaa?
Can you come with me?	Yennodu vara mudiyumaa?
Can you give me lift in your car today?	Ungkal vandiyil yennai kondu poga mudiyumaa?
Can you help her to cross the road?	Aval saalai thaanda nee uthava mudiyumaa?
Can you hold my bag for a while?	Yen paiyai konjam pidikka mudiyumaa?
Can you make a coffee for me too ?	Yenakkum coffee poduvaayaa?
Can you wait for me?	Yenkkaaga kaaththirukka mudiyumaa?
Can you hold it?	Nee itha pidichchikka mudiyumaa?
Do you want to sit?	Nee urkkaara vaenumaa?
Do you go to sleep?	Nee poi thoongkanumaa?
Do you like to speak to him?	Unakku avan kita paesa pudikkuthaa?
Did you call her?	Nee avala kooppittiyaa?
Did she bring the sweets?	Avalaa inippu kondu vanthaa?
Did you pull it?	Neeyaa atha yiluththa?
Did you wake up early?	Nee seekkiram mulichchi kittiyaa?
Do you drive a car?	Car Ottuvaayaa?
Do you like this place?	Unakku yintha yidam pidikirathaa?

Next Lesson 24: Tamil questions using "why"

Tamil questions using "what"

Examples of simple tamil questions given here. Please note that when addressing to anyone elder to you, use "nga" formally at the end of pronoun. For instance use 'unga' in place of 'un', use 'neenga' in place of 'nee'.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
what's your name	Un paeyer enna?
what's your age?	Un Vayata enna?
what are you doing?	Neenga Enna pannitirukeenga?
What did you eat?	Yenna Saapteenga?
What's the time?	Mani Enna?
What happened?	Enna Aachu?
What's new?	Enna seithi?
What do you work?	Enna velai seirienga?
What's this?	Ithu enna?
What's That Called In Tamil ?	Thamizhil enna solvaarkal?
What Does this Mean In English?	Englishil idhu enraal enna?
What do you say?	Nee enna solkiraai?
what did you do?	Nee enna seithaai?
What will you do?	Nee enna seivaai?
what is your plan?	Ungal tittam enna?
What do you think?	Neenga enna ninaikkireenga?
what do you want?	Unakku enna vendum?
What do you like about her?	Nee aval pattri enna pidikkum?
What next?	Aduthu enna?
What is it?	Athu enna?
What did he say?	Avar enna sonaar?(formal)
What did she say?	Aval enna sonaal?(informal)
What did you buy?	Nee enna vaanginaai?
What did you say?	Nee enna sonnaai?
What do you have?	Unidam enna irukirathu?
What is your story?	Un kathai enna?

Next Lesson 26: General questions in Tamil

Tamil questions using "when"

These are the sentences that starts with the question 'when'. Also please note that when conversing these sentences to elders or any people senior to you, use 'nga' at the end of the verb to address formally.

English sentences	Tamil sentences
When did he come?	Avan eppoḻutu vantaan?
When did you come?	Eppo vantheenga?
When did you leave ?	Yeppoluthu Nee Ponaai?
When do you come back home ?	Yeppoluthu veedu thirumbukiraai?
When is your test?	Yeppoluthu unakku pareetchai?
When did you wake up?	Yeppoluthu vizhiththaai?
When did you finish your work?	Yeppoluthu un vaelai mudiththaai?
When did she call me?	Yeppoluthu aval yennai kooppittaal?
When is your birthday?	Un pirantha naal yeppoluthu?
When did he leave?	Yeppoluthu avan kilambinaan?
When will you show me your home?	Yeppoluthu eṉakku uṅkaḷ veetu kaattu veerkal?
When will mom go to market?	Yeppoluthu ammaa kadaith theru povaarkal?
When will you be here?	Neengkal yeppoluthu ingku yiruppeerkal?
When was your first visit to Tamil nadu?	Nee muthal murai Tamil naatu paarththathu yeppoluthu?
When do you show your new paintings?	Yeppoluthu un puthu Oviyaṅkaḷ kaattuvaai?
When will you go to the shop?	Yeppoluthu neenga kadai ku pOvaai?
When did I give him money?	Yeppoluthu avanukku naan kaasu koduththean?
When will you take back your book?	Yeppoluthu un puthakam thiruppi yeduththu pOvaai?
When are you going to school?	Yeppoluthu nee pallikoodam pokiṟīrkaḷ?

Next Lesson 25: Tamil questions using "what"

Simple words in Tamil

Learn these simple Tamil words, as these are commonly used in sentences which would be easy for you to learn. I've included formal and informal way of addressing people. We include 'nga' at the end of the word when speaking formally to elders. I would suggest to first practice the words with 'nga' at the end for effective way of learning these words so as to avoid accidentally saying informal words to elders and offending them :)

English words	Informal	Formal
You	Nee	Neenga
He/She	Avan/Aval	Avar
His/Her	Avanoda/Avaloda	Avangaloda
Your	Unnodathu	Ungalodathu
Sit	utkaar	utkaaranga
Study	padi	padinga
stand	nil	nilanga
See	Paar	paarunga
Write	ezhuthu	ezhuthanga
Drink	Kudi	kudinga
Come	Vaa	Vaanga
Go	Po	Ponga
Eat	Saapidu	Saapidanga
Catch	Pudi	Pudinga
Run	Odu	Odunga
Fold	Madi	Madinga
Call	Kupudi	Kupudinga
Read	Padi	Padinga
Jump	Kuthi	Kuthinga
Push	Thallu	Thallinga
take	Yedu	Yedunga
Bring	Kondu	Kondanga
Build	Kattu	Kattunga
Buy	Vaangu	Vaanganga
Ask	Kael	Kaelanga
Sing	Paadu	Paadanga
Be Quiet	Amaidhiyaka Iru	Amaidhiyaka Iranga
Bath	Kuli	Kulinga
close	Saathu	Saathunga
Open	Thira	Thiranga

Next Lesson 24: Tamil questions using "when"

Tamil questions starting with 'who'

English sentences	Tamil sentences
Who gave	yaar thanthathu?
Who fell	yaar vilunthathu?
Who searched	Yaar thaediyathu?
Who saw	Yaar paarththathu?
Who scolded	Yaar thittiyathu?
Who poured	yaar kottiyathu?
Who broke	Yaar udaiththathu?
Who jumped	yaar kuthiththathu?
Who sang	yaar paadiyathu?
Who threw	yaar veesiyathu?
Who opened	yaar thiranthathu?
Who played	yaar vilaiyaadiyathu?
Who ate	yaar saappittathu?
Who drew	yaar varainthathu?
Who drove	yaar oottiyathu?
Who cried	yaar aluthathu?
Who laughed	yaar siriththathu?
Who knocked	yaar yidiththathu?
Who clapped	yaar thattiyathu?
Who watched	yaar paarththathu?
Who drank	yaaru kudiththathu?
Who told	yaar sonnathu?
Who asked	yaar kaettathu?
Who carried	yaar thookkiyathu?
Who is standing here?	Yaar yingku nindru kondiruppathu?
Who is shouting?	Yaar kaththi kondiruppathu?
Who is coming?	Yaar vanthu kondiruppathu?
Who is playing?	Yaar vilaiyaadi kondiruppahu?
Who is digging?	Yaar nOndi kondiruppathu?
Who is pulling rope?	Yaar kayirai yiluththu kondiruppathu?
Who is sweeping?	Yaar kootti kondiruppathu?
Who is looking at me?	Yaar yennai parththu kondiruppathu?
Who is tall?	yaar uyaram?
Who is slim?	Yaar olli?
Who is fat?	Yaar gundu?
Who is brave?	Yaar thairiya saali?
Who is short?	Yaar kuttai?
Who is clever?	yaar arivaali?
Who is quiet?	Yaar amaithi?

Next Lesson 23: Simple tamil words through English

Days & months in Tamil

The Tamil Calendar is followed by the Tamil speaking state of Tamil Nadu, Kerala in India and by the Tamil population in Sri Lanka. There are several festivals in Tamil Nadu based on the Tamil cultural Calendar. The Tamil calendar is based on the solar cycle. It has a sixty-year cycle and each year has twelve months. The Tamil New Year follows the vernal equinox and generally falls on April 14 of the Gregorian year.

The Tamil calendar is based on the solar calendar used by the people of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka and Thailand where the traditional new year falls on January 14 as well.

Here I am including the days and tamil months along with dates. These dates are approximate which varies by one or two days in the Gregorian calendar depending on adjustments made to the calendar every year so as to align with astronomic observations.

English days and months	Tamil days and months
today	indru
yesterday	nedru
tomorrow	naalai
this week	intha vaaram
last week	pona vaaram
next week	adutha vaaram
Sunday	nyaayiru
Monday	thingGal
Tuesday	sevvaai
Wednesday	budhan
Thursday	vyaalan
Friday	velli
Saturday	sani
15th Jan to 15th Feb	Thai
15th Feb to 15th March	Maasi
15th March to 15th April	Panguni
15th April to 15th May	Chithirai
15th May to 15th June	Vaikasi
15th June to 15th July	Aani
15th July to 15th Aug	Aadi
15th Aug to 15th Sep	Aavani
15th Sep to 15th Oct	Purattasi
15th Oct to 15th Nov	Aippasi
15th Nov to 15th Dec	Kaarthikai
15th Dec to 15th Jan	Margali

Next Lesson 21: Fruit names in Tamil

Feelings/expressions in Tamil

Below are Tamil words for the variety of expression words.

English to Tamil expressions
confident - nambikkai	Happy - santhoosham
Upset - varuththam	Sorry - manikavum
Agony - thunbam	Angry - kobam
Hungry - pasi	Pain - vali
Dizzy - kiRukiRuppu	Laughter - sirippu
Cry - azukai	Injury - kaayam
interested - aarvam	kind - anbaan
great - periya/uyirandhu	joy/glad - magizhchi
lucky - adhirshtam	thankful - nanriyudan
cheerful - magizhchiyana	courageous - dhairyamaan
optimistic - nanmaiyil nambikkai	thrilled - cilirpaaka
wonderful - arputamaan	calm - amaithiyaaka
quiet/peaceful - amaithiyaana	at ease - nimathiyaaka
comfortable - sagamaan/vasadhiyaaka	encourage - ukkuvikka
clever - buddhisaali	surprised - aachariyamaaka
relaxed - nimathiyaana	loving - anpaan
considerate - parivukonda	affectionate - paasam
curious - aravamaaka	excited - urachaagamaagu
challenged - savaal	sure - uruti
irritated - erichchal	enraged - kopammutti
insulting - avamadhitha	unpleasant - virumpatthakaata
offensive - thaakutal	aggressive - aakkiramippu
disappointed - emaarrum	discouraged - uggam
ashamed - vetkamaaka	miserable - tunpakaramaan
disgusting - verrukkataka	terrible - payankaramaan
doubt/skeptical - santekam	perplexed - kuzhampinaar
embarassed - sangkadappata	hesitant - tayakkam
shy - vetkapatavillai	unsure - urutiyarru
uneasy - kucchamaaka	tense - patattamaan
useless - payanarratu	alone - taniyaaka
fatigued - kalaippaagu	forced - kattayam
frustrated - viraktiyatainta	pathetic - parithaapamaan
tragic - soga	dominated - aadhigam
bored - salitthu	suspicious - santekattirkitamaan
fearful - payattudan	terrified - payantatu
anxious - aarvattudan	panic - piti
nervous - patattamaaka	scared - payamaaka
worried - kavalai	frightened - payantu
restless - amaithiyarr	crushed - Noṟukkappaṭṭa
pained - Vetanaimikka	tortured- sittiravatai
injured - kaayam	offended - Ericchalurra
aching - valikiradu	humuliated - Avamaaṉappaṭuttappaṭṭu
sorrowful- Tukkamaṭaiyavum	grief - Varuttattai
anguish - Vetaṉaiyaana	lonely - Taniyaaka

Next Lesson 20: Days & months in Tamil

Tamil tense - 5 (neutral plural)

These are the past, present and future tense of the following verbs denoting neuter plural i.e. 'they'. 'Avarkal' in tamil means 'they'. 'Avarkal' includes masculine and feminine pronouns.
You can practice these tenses by prefixing 'Avarkal' to these below verbs.

past tense	present tense	future tense
smile - punnagai seikiraargal	smiled -punnagai seithaargal	will smile - punnagai seivaargal
washed - kaluvinaarkal	wash kaluvikiraargal	will wash kaluvipaargal
they've done - seithaarkal	they're doing - seikiraargal	they'll do - seivaargal
wrote -yeluthinaargal	write-yeluthukiraargal	will write - yeluthupaargal
expected-Yethirpaarththaarkal	expect--Yethirpaarkkiraarkar	will expect--Yethirpaarppaarkal
cleaned-suththam seithaarkal	clean - suththam seikiraargal	will clean - suththam seivaargal
saw- paarththaargal	see - paarkkiraargal	will see - paarppaagal
gone - poitaargal	go - poikiraargal	will go - povaargal
read - paditaargal	reading - padikiraargal	will read - padipaargal
ran - odunaargal	run - odukiraargal	will run - oduvaargal
walked - nadanaargal	walk - nadakiraargal	will walk - nadapaargal
slept - padunaargal	sleep - padukiraargal	will sleep - padupaargal
said - sonnaargal	say - solkiraargal	will say - solvaargal
ate - saapidutaargal	eat - saapidukiraargal	will eat - saapiduvaargal
took - yeduthaargal	take - yedukiraargal	will take - yedupaargal
played - velaiyadunaargal	play - velaiyadukiraargal	will play - velaiyaduvaargal
called - koopittaargal	call - koopidukiraargal	will call - koopiduvaargal
jumped - kuthiththaargal	jumps- Avan kuthikkiraargal	will jump-Avan kuthippaargal
climbed -yaerinaargal	climbs- yaerukiraargal	will climb - yaeruvaargal
laughed- siriththaargal	laughs -sirikkiraargal	will laugh - sirippaargal
pushed - thallinaargal	pushes - thallukiraargal	will push - thalluvaargal

Next Lesson 19: Learn expression words in Tamil

Tamil tense - 4 ('We' as subject)

In Tamil, there are two pronouns for the English pronoun "we". One is 'Naam' and 'Naangkal'. When using 'Naam', the person being spoken to is included in 'we'. Whereas in 'Naangkal', the person being spoken to is not invluded in "we".

For example:

- When you describe about your family vacation to your neighbours, you say "we went to ooty". So here you would use "naangkal" as the person being spoken to i.e. neighbour is excluded from "we".

-When you talk about your family vacation to your family members, you say "we all should travel to Ooty". So here you would use "naam" as the people being spoken to are included in "we".

So you can prefix either 'naam' or 'naangkal' to the following verbs based on the actual meaning you wanted to convey.

English words	past tense	present tense	future tense
tell	sonnom	solkirom	solvom
sing	paadinom	paadukirom	paaduvom
expect	yethirpaarththom	yethirpaarkkirom	yethirpaarppom
be	irunthom	irukirrom	irupom
walk	nadandom	nadakkirom	nadapom
do	seidom	seyikkirom	seyivom
see	paarththom	paarkkirom	paarppom
stand	ninrom	nirkirom	nirpom
go	poittom	poirkirom	povvom
clean	suttham seithom	suttham seyikirom	suttham seyivom
sleep	padunom	padukirom	paduppom
read	paditom	padikirom	padipom
buy	vaanginom	vaangikirom	vaangivom
eat	saapitom	saapidukirom	saapidivom
play	vilaiyaadunom	vilaiyaadukirom	vilaiyaaduvom
run	odunom	odukirom	oduvom
take	yeduththom	yedukkirom	yedupom

Next Lesson 18: Tamil tense - 5 ('They' as subject)

Tamil tense - 3 (3rd person as subject)

Here I am going to list out few examples of past, present, and future tense denoting 3rd person as subject i.e. 'he' or 'she'. 'Avan' means He, and 'Aval' means she.

past tense	present tense	future tense
She gave - aval koduththaal	she gives - aval Kodukiraal	she gave - aval koduththaal
he did- avan seithaan	he does - avan seikiraan	he will do - avan seivaan
He came with me - Avan yennodu vanthaan	He comes with me - Avan yennodu varukiraan	He will come with me -Avan yennodu varuvaan.
He called-Avan Kooppittaan	he calls - Avan kooppittiraan	He will call- avan Kooppiduvaan
He said- Avan sonnaan	He tells- Avan solkiraan	He will say- Avan solvaan
She smiled - Aval punnagai seithaal	She smiles -Aval punnagai seikiraal	She will smile -Aval punnagai seivaal
she went- Aval poinaal	She goes- Aval poikiraal	She will go- Aval povaal
He kicked - Avan uthaiththaan	He kicks-Avan uthaikkiraan	He will kick- Avan uthaippaan
He jumped-Avan kuthiththaan	He jumps- Avan kuthikkiraan	He will jump-Avan kuthippaan
He folded - Avan madiththaan	He folds-Avan madikkiraan	He will fold - Avan madippaan
He drank - Avan kudiththaan	He drinks- Avan kudikkiraan	He will drink- Avan kudippaan
He climbed -Avan yaerinaan	He climbs- Avan yaerukiraan	He will climb -Avan yaeruvaan
She laughed- Aval siriththaal	She laughs -Aval sirikkiraal	She will laugh - Aval sirippaal
He pushed - Avan thallinaan	He pushes - Avan thallukiraan	He will push - Avan thalluvaan

Next Lesson 17. Tamil tense - 4 ('We' as subject)

Tamil tense with 'I' as subject

In Tamil, there are three tenses namely kadanda kaalam(past tense), nigazh kaalam(present tense), edhirkaalam(future tense). I will start with few examples with subject 'I' pronoun with present, past and future tense. Verbs here are used to express an action (I swim) or a state of being (I am). In Tamil 'Naan' means 'I'.
To start with, let's use simple verbs. The meaning of these verbs are:
nada - walk
padu - sleep
Odu - run
kodu - give
vaa - come
pO - go
padi - read
paar - see
nil - stand
aagu - become
thoongu - sleep

	past tense	present tense	future tense
	I was	I am	I will
be	naan irunthaen	Naan Irrukiraen	naan irrupaen
walk	naan nadanaen	naan nadakkiraen	naan nadappaen
sleep	naan padunaen	naan padukkiraen	naan paduppaen
run	Naan odunaen	naan odukkiraen	naan oduvaen
Do	naan seithaen	naan seyikiraen	naan seivaen
read	Naan paditaen	naan padikiraen	naan padipaen
See	Naan Paarththaen	Naan Paarkkiraen	Naan Paarppaen
stand	naan ninru	Naan nirkiraen	naan nirpaen
go	naan poittaen	naan poikiraen	naan povaen
mention you	Naan unnidam kurippittaen	Naan unnidan kurippidukiraen	Naan unnidam kurippiduvaen
Expect	Naan Yethirpaarththaen	Naan Yethirpaarkkiraen	Naan Yethirpaarppaen
clean	Naan Suththam seithaen	Suththam seikiraen	Suththam seivaen

Next Lesson 15: Tamil tense - 2

Tamil prepositions

Learning the Tamil Prepositions is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. Tamil prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition. For example, 'I speak English and Tamil language', here 'and' is the preposition as it connects to other words in this sentence. Also I have included Time place and demonstrative pronouns.

English prepositions	Tamil Prepositions
about	kuriththu
above	mele
among	idaiyil
across	kurukkaaga
against	yethiraaga
under	keezhe
after	pinpu/piraku
in front of	munnal
behind	pinnal
far from	thooram
near	pakkam
in	il
inside	ulle
outside	veliye
with	udan
without	illamal
about	eraththaazha
between	itaiye
but	aanaal
for	poruttu
from	irundhu
to/till	varaiyil
around	sutri
as	oppaaga/avvannam/athupolave
before	yethire/munpaaga
beneath	adiyil
beside	melum/pakkaththil
beyond	appaal
by	aal/arukil
despite	aayinum
down	keezhe
during	kaalaththil/velaiyil/pozhuthil
except	thavira
into	ulle/ulnokki
near	arukil
next	aduththu
of	il/in/udaiya
on	mele
opposite	yethiraana
out	veliye
over	mele/athikamaai
per	vazhiyaai/moolamaai
plus	koota
round	vattamaana/urundaiyaana
since	appozhuthilirundhu/aakaiyaal
than	vida
through	kurukke/moolamaai
toward	poruttu/nokki
under	keezhe/adiyil
until	varaiyilum
up	mele
via	vazhiyaaga
within	ulle
according to	inanga
because of	kaaranamaaga
close to	pakkaththil
due to	kaaranamaai
instead of	pathilaaga
in spite of	irunthapothilum
on behalf of	saarpaai -
this	ithu
that	athu
these	ivaikal
those	avaikal

Next Lesson 14: Tamil Tense ('I' as subject)